Communication Changes Essay

How did we arrive here? I ask that question after pondering the thought of how communication has changed just in my lifetime. I was born in 1970 in a small Idaho town. Party lines were still being used by most of my neighbors along our rural gravel road, and touch tone dialing wasn’t even thought of – at least not in my county. Two black and white televisions were in our household†¦one 14† in my parents’ room and a larger 19† in our family room. Cable tv? Not a chance. Four channels was all that was available, one of which was PBS – so unless Sesame Street was on, that didn’t count. That was just forty three years ago. Ouch. Writing that number makes it seem like a much longer time than it is, I still feel young. However looking back at all of the changes in the last four decades can be mind boggling. I watched new technology arrive and often thought â€Å"wow†¦.this is it, they  will never invent anything  that can outdo this!†. The touch tone phone, it allowed us to call someone so much faster than before. Soon after the VCR was the next best thing to come into our household and although not a communication device it would eventually evolve into an interactive communication tool. Communicating with someone in another town, state, or country was limited to either telephone or postal mail, which my grandparents at the time still commented on how amazing it was to be able to speak with someone on the other side of the planet. But it was expensive, very expensive. While brainstorming for this paper only a few methods of communication came to mind, oral, written, and electronic. During my research I found that communication technologies can be classified into eight different stages according to Walter Ong (Source: Theo 2011): 1. Orality (talking only)  2. Early Writing (pictorial writing then eventually phonetic alphabets, â€Å"craft literacy†, parchment). 3. Later Writing (scrolls then early bound books i.e. codices) 4. Early Print (Gutenberg and friends)  5. Later Print (the mass market begins) 6. Electric (Telegraph, Telephone) 7. Electronic (TV and radio) 8. Digital (Internet, cell phones) After initially reviewing this list I was astounded at how communication progress was extremely slow in the first five stages – consisting of tens of thousands of years between one stage to the next; however in my lifetime alone I have witnessed the last three stages evolve. I wonder, will this happen again? Will my son witness communication evolve three, four, five times in his lifetime? Or was this technology evolution an anomaly. Fast forward to current day, we have so many choices available to communicate with others it is often difficult to choose which method we want to use. Should I eMail my friend in San Francisco, call him using my house or cell phone, send him a text with an attachment of my wife and I’s wedding, or would he prefer a hand written card sent via the US Postal Service? Not only am I faced with which method works best for me in these situations but I also need to consider my recipient. It is generally very easy for adults to choose the appropriate method of communication however teenagers struggle more than ever. Often they will choose the simplest form of communication for their generation – texting. They even have their own new language while texting, SMS language or otherwise known as ‘textese’. This type of language is very similar to those used when the telegraph was in use over a hundred years earlier. The SMS language utilizes the fewest number of letters to produce words and sentiments in their correspondence, mostly driven by space, time and cost restraints.

Demographic Change And Influence In Peoples Development

Throughout universe history, have ever presented different demographic tendencies and assorted population-related events and motions of this, which does non be given to be stable but on the contrary, both interregional moves inA out of these states as elsewhere, about ever in hunt of better chances in life.A The influence of these motions is big and tends to turn around the universe, bring forthing alterations non merely in host states but besides in the place, so doing necessary alterations in the policies of these states to turn to the assorted effects of the motion migration Were submitted times in the universe where population alterations have non been so great, but alternatively there have been others where migration has increased significantly.A The 20th century was one of the latter because many experts was a century where migratory motions set the tone, seeing that if the chief characteristic of these is that they were from south to north, east and west, looking as countriesA less developed south many people migrated north and most developed industrialised states, and besides the Asiatic continent was a great migration to Europe, the United States and Canada.A This has impacted to a great extent on the host towns, as these now hold a big figure of people of other nationalities with the usual influences both culturally, and economically and politically of class. But these motions have non completed and the hereafter has to be really influential in footings of the guidelines which states are to put off the migration.A You can speak so, that was given a new order in the universe because of demographic alterations, seeing that there are countries like the United States and Canada that have a big figure of migrators from other countries, for illustration in the U.S. is a really big populationA who have arrived in the state of the South American continent, even to talk of a Hispanization of this state, while in Canada the bulk of migrators come from eastern states like China.A Meanwhile on the European continent there are two phenomena worthy of analysis foremost of all the aging European population because most of all to the low rate of births that occur in this continent due to factors such as households with one kid, marriagesA more delayed when there is no opportunity of gestating, usage of all methods of contraceptive method, which has resul ted in jobs in the economic system of these states as easy running out of labour, there is a good venture that lead to the creationA new concerns and besides has increased the load on the provinces due to pensions to be paid to a population that is non productive.A Even states that the European population is â€Å" hedonic † and is excessively lazy to work out what is damaging to its economic system[ 1 ]along with this phenomenon is one that is migration in big Numberss of people from Eastern states, most of all withA Muslim faith have come to the old continent and multiplied in great Numberss, bring forthing as a population job that is non good prepared, no one truly skilled labour to help the production and besides that they have been turning muchA , to the extent that some are stating that in 2050 Europe will be Muslim.A CEPAL has cleared these alterations in the European population by stating in his study of the Symposium on International Migration: â€Å" In the early 20th century population of Europe had, about ternary the size of the African, while today the populations of Africa and Europe are about the same size, but by 2050 it is expected that the population of Africa has threeA times the size of Europe †[ 2 ] As you can see this influence occurs non merely in bring forthing societal alteration in society which highlights the socialization of the states of the mixture of civilizations and traditions that can agitate the national individuality loss values of eachA part, but besides affects the economic and of class political. All this has had little by small in having states arise jobs such as neo-Nazi groups which are against the â€Å" invasion † of their districts pro from people from other states, taking to societal struggles and even in metropoliss like disordersA seen in some European states, most of all by immature people who feel that their occupation chances are being taken by migrators, harmonizing to CEPAL â€Å" turning xenophobia in some states, caused by recession and unemployment has exacerbatedA ill will towards migratory workers †[ 3 ].A But look at the political degree because host states seeking to halt a sea of people, so to talk, that comes to your floors begin to place and develop criterions that can be considered anti-immigrant, seeking to forestall the population becomingA largely migrators, as was the instance of the U.S. in recent times has even constructing a wall merely seeking to forestall more Mexicans from come ining their district illicitly. All this has deductions in both, in the receiving state and the beginning one, seeing such an of import facet with respect to economic sciences, since migrators normally work to acquire money sent back to their households, which is called remittals andA that have become a really of import point in the economic system of less developed states, to the extent that the crisis of recent old ages affect this facet of the economic system by diminishing the sum of remittals due to the loss of occupations on allA United States.A These remittals are invested in betterments in the quality of household life that migrators have left buttocks and there are besides nest eggs in investing, which can take to greater advancement and development of these regions.A But neither can deny that â€Å" south-north migration has contributed to the sustained development of states of the North †[ 4 ] But this implies some jobs for having states like the U.S. and Canada, although the major impact has been the first to hold the largest figure of migrators, since many of them are illegal or undocumented immigrants are engaged in work, which form portion orA the informal or belowground economy.A And this must go on so as the tendency given that there ‘s more to migrate despite all limitations that might be, it is besides clear that the population will be from now on uninterrupted diminution, even the least developed countriesA But despite all this in 2050 there will be more or less 9.6 billion people[ 5 ].A But sing that in Europe by and large, that population diminution, rise in the U.S. and Canada, trebling in Africa. While Latin America, will hold a medium growth.A In general we can state that the rate of kids per adult female in hapless states will be reduced to 2.5 whereas in industrialised states will be even lower, but these will hold a rate higher than for older individ uals, to the extent thatA is said to be two aged for every child.A In general, surveies on universe population and its tendency until 2050 says that in industrialised states like Japan, China and Europe every bit good as the North American birth rate will be merely the lower limit to guarantee the endurance of the population.A But in most states of the universe much of the population will be over 40 years.A Can so be summarized by stating that in the poorest states will hold an mean population growing while developed births this growing will be lower but the population may stay more or less stable growing by migration. But another job that must be considered is that slow population growing that is every twenty-four hours more and more resources consumed many of which are slow to be replaced and others can non be replaced because in many instances have lost the ability regenerative capacity of the land so that resource will be a large job in 2050 doing it the poorest states that normally consume more resources are going poorer, which of class may increase the migration of these intoA more developed states.A A A A AFor all the above is clear that all states, both having and beginning states of migrators to take every one by his side steps to cut down this migration worldwide. Recipient states should endeavor to cut down this moving ridge with new legislative acts for the migrators but thereby bring forth xenophobic hatred and strife that finally merely convey societal and security jobs, should besides give more support without excessively many conditions on developing countriesA that they can in bend offer policies that encourage their citizens to stay in its district. The truth is that a true population policy has non been anyplace in the universe, there have been some stray steps but small has been achieved together.A By states seeking development should hold authoritiess who believe authorities policies that either direct or indirect impact on demographic procedures such as in-migration and airing of prophylactic methods, and stronger controls on immigration.A It should be clear that for states like Canada or the United States, long-run chances depend greatly on economic affairs of planetary demographic alterations that determine the mobility of labour in the international, so that by 2050 the successA of states and its prosperity depends on holding a good work force, trained and ever ready for invention and version of the alterations that are traveling being made As shown in the figures for the universe state of affairs in 2050 will non be good in footings of population, but authoritiess to take steps non merely have to see the figures, but must find themselves personally acceptable rates population growing, migration, and territorial distribution.A And when we determine that is what is right for them in this affair should explicate appropriate schemes that lead to improved quality of life of people. Those schemes have to be done by the host developed states like Canada and united provinces, because there are the most affected 1s with the illegal in-migrations, if they do n't take actions in this topic, the economic system of these two states is traveling to be affected, and non merely the issue of the economic system, but besides the political relations and civilization, both states must make or implement a large strategic to keep the security of the boundary lines to forestall more people to travel illegal to their lands, but at the same clip give chances to those that already are inside those states this would assist many households and subsequently will be the following coevals that will work and contend for their host state. Mostly Canada that has a really low life speciation ‘s, because its population is acquiring older faster and by 2050 will be a really old population, that ‘s why they should maintain those immigrants and had a good political relations of in-m igrations to give helped to those who truly needed in the hapless states, but is this the solution? Or what about if those states restricted all sort of in-migrations, and set up a new civilization with the people that are already populating at that place, doing a mix civilization like one clasp piece and get down a new life, these are inquiries and avowals that are discuses every twenty-four hours by every one, those who approve migrations, and those who does non O.K. it[ 6 ] But the treatment will stay for long clip, because is natural for he authoritiess to discourse this forever without taking belongingss determinations, but when the clip acquire shorter is when migration wo n't hold control and those states will be really affected either if they have many illegal people traversing boundary lines or no one traveling at that place, the thru is that Canada and united provinces need the immigrants to take their economic systems to the top but with high control to forestall to neglect in security spreads where united provinces is really concern and where Canada helped a batch to its neighbour, besides the growth of unemployment degree in united provinces caused by the crisis, China and besides by the illegal in-migration, that ‘s manner they have to play together for this of import issue.

Write About a Member of Your Family That You Feel

I have one member in my family that truly consider â€Å"special†. This person is my youngest son, Adrian. Let me tell you a few things why I think that he is a special person. Adrian was diagnosed with Autism when he was about 2 1/2 years old. He is anti-social and non-verbal. Anti-social means that he doesn't interact with others that are around him. For example, Adrian likes to play by himself. The non-verbal means that he has no ommunication through speech. Even though h is lacking speech, he can communicate his needs in his very own way. For instance, when Adrian wants something to eat, he would come to me, grab my hand and pulls me to the refrigerator. On the other hand, it can get frustrating for him because I am the only person that can understand his body language cues. In addition to his anti-social and non- verbal communication, I have to mention that Adrian s the most loving child I have seen. The reason being is usually children with Autism do not like to be hugge d or cuddled. Adrian loves to give hug and cuddle with me as well as he does with others. Finally, I understand that my son is anti-social and non-verbal. At the same time, he has the ability to be social and communicate with me. He does it in a way no other person would it. As a result of this, I feel that this makes my son a â€Å"special† person.

Discussion Board 2-2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Discussion Board 2-2 - Assignment Example In counseling, the above listed nonverbal communication may occur or dominate interaction when a client fails to corporate as expected. Uncomfortable situation during counseling may develop when a counselor struggles unsuccessfully to make a client open up, speak about their real problems, and perhaps express their opinions about their expectation and structure of counseling. Such occurrence may cause disappointed and los of focus by a counselor who begin to use unstructured and confused gestures in attempt to convince a client (Ungar, 2011). When caught is the situation, a counselor may also change and depict moody facial expression that may confirm disappointment. Failure to cause a client to engage and participate actively in a counseling process may also appear embarrassing and frustrating a counselor who is incompetent in handling extreme challenges in the counseling process. Serious frustration and embarrassment may make a counselor change to make indirect eye contact with a client who may be wearing an aggrieved and harsh face. A counselor interacting with a harsh and highly irritated client can depict disturbed sitting or standing posture that may confirm frustration and

Legalizing same Sex Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Legalizing same Sex Marriage - Essay Example One of the biggest fight in America, is the fight for equality. In the fifties and sixties, black Americans fought for equal rights, and this was one of the longest and most publicized fight since the abolishment of slavery. Today there is a new, tempestuous issue on the horizon— the legalizing same sex marriage. Before defending the rights of same sex marriage, certain questions must be answered: are gays American citizen; are they humans; and do they pay taxes? The answer to these questions is yes. Then why are they not given equal treatment as other American citizens? Simple, a marriage is the union between a male and a female. And gay are given equal rights. They have all the right of any American citizen, and as soon as they fit the criteria for marriage they will be pronounced married. The debate over whether the state ought to recognize gay marriages has thus far focused on the issue as one of civil rights. Such a treatment is erroneous because state recognition of marriage is not a universal right. States regulate marriage in many ways besides denying men the right to marry men, and women the right to marry women. Roughly half of all states prohibit first cousins from marrying, and all prohibit marriage of closer blood relatives, ...In all states, it is illegal to attempt to marry more than one person, or even to pass off more than one person as one’s spouse. Some states restrict the marriage of people suffering from syphilis or other venereal diseases. Homosexuals, therefore, are not the only people to be denied the right to marry the person of their choosing (5). Apparently Mr. Kolasinski is not the one one who agrees that gays already has all the right that each American citizen has. Eddie Thompson at AD authorden.com agrees to, he says: First, gay and lesbians already possess rights equally protected under the law. They have the exact rights that I have today. They can marry a member of the opposite sex if they so choose, just like I have done. I can't marry a member of my own sex, even if I wanted to. So, we have the exact same rights. What is being suggested by the gay agenda is not "equal rights" but "extra rights." They want to be allowed to reap the benefits of marriage without actually marrying in its traditional sense. There are many wonderful people who choose to remain single for myriad reasons, and these people are not clamoring for the rights granted to couples who marry. Why should those who refuse traditional marriage be granted such rights simply because they prefer sex with someone whose anatomy r esembles their own? In fact, most of the so-called â€Å"rights† married couples have can be obtained through a lawyer’s legal maneuvers. Documents of the United States constitution, Declaration of Independe nt, and the Bill of Rights are testimonies of the freedom enjoy by Americans. Unfortunately, our founding fathers were unaware that they neglected to enact another document, the Bill of Rights for same sex marriage. Had they not been negligence, the new Bill would read thus: The constitution of the United States of America do apologize to the American people for the travesty it is about to commit on the sanctity of marriage. The people of the United States of America must now recognize the union of pf two men or two women, and give it the distinguish name of marriage. The same privilege given to a man and a woman who form a union will now be given to marriages of same sex. A man and a man, or a woman and a woman who chooses to love each other and decides to consummate that love through marriage will be given a legal document testifying to that fact. If such parties choose to, they are allowed to raise

Exporing the properties of gases Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Exporing the properties of gases - Lab Report Example ain objectives of these experiments were to develop skills in performing simple gas phase experiment, determine the effects of variations in the three variables of an ideal gas and test the formulated hypothesis. Our first hypothesis was that the pressure of a given volume of gas increases with a decrease in the gas volume at a constant temperature. Our second hypothesis was that increase in temperature of an enclosed gas sample increases the pressure exerted by the gas at a constant volume. Our final hypothesis stated that the volume of any gas increases with an increase in temperature at a constant pressure (Daniel et al 275). Boyle’s law experiment was done to study the relationship between volume of a given gas and its pressure at a constant temperature. The syringe plunger was pressed to increase the pressure as the volume decreased. The pressure was recorded using the pressure sensor. Charles law experiment was done to study the relationship between volume of a given gas sample and its temperature on a constant pressure. Gay-Lussac’s law experiment was done to study the relationship between the temperature of an enclosed gas sample and the pressure exerted at a constant volume (Daniel et al 275). Test of our hypothesis gave positive results hence our hypothesis were adopted. It was discovered that decrease in volume of a given gas increase the gas pressure at a constant temperature Increase in temperature led to increase in volume of a given gas at constant pressure and pressure increase with increase (Daniel et al 275). Gas is one of the states of matter besides liquids and solids. There are very many types of gases some of which are poisonous while others are not. A gas like Hydrogen Sulphide is very poisonous while oxygen gas is not poisonous. All the gases have varying pH values whereby some are acidic, neutral or basic but not both. Gases like CO2, O2, H2 and N2 among others are found naturally on the environment (Daniel et al 275). The ideal gas

Psychological Testing Article Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Psychological Testing Article Analysis - Essay Example Discussed here is an article on the basis of how effective psychological tests actually are in a workplace. Keywords: psychological test, workplace, employee, behaviour. The article selected is from HR Magazine and talks about how hiring the right person for the job is very necessary and this can only be done through testing a person’s personality to be on the safe side. The CEO of Quest, Tim Burke, relates how difficult it was for him to find the correct people to be employed, and finally he had to make use of psychological testing in order to speed up the process and choose the best people. This has also helped in improving the performance of the company on an overall basis, so much so that Burke has also started using the process of testing on the existing employees in order to find out which employee should be relocated to another position, or who is better suited for a certain job profile. Such kind of testing helps the company to also understand the core of every individ ual even though some experts state that these tests are not always bound to give correct results. Many companies state that in a period of financial turmoil and downturn, they feel that instead of just hiring people they are sceptical about, it is better to utilize some funds and spend money on the entire process of testing than just hiring people who do not end up giving the best results to the best of their potential. Thus, a number of different kinds of tests are used to evaluate a person’s aptitude, behaviour and emotional intelligence in order to see how well he fits the bill for the company. (Bates, Steve) These tests help to ascertain and find out each individual’s capacity on the basis of motivation, leadership skills, as well as his attitude towards the company and his co workers and his needs. There are no wrong answers in these tests; they only ask questions to help determine the characteristics of every person and how best he would react to a given situatio n. (Eisenbraun, Garett A.) There are many tests that have been designed by experts that help to understand a person’s qualities and outlook towards things on a social and personal basis and this really helps his employers to comprehend whether or not he should be hired and is perfect for the job at hand. Most people agree that such kind of tests are the best and most legitimate way to understand fresh people willing to get employed and is also the safest way to find out about the person’s way of thinking. In the given article, personality tests were used most, followed by cognitive tests to test an individual’s attitude and behaviour. After taking the personality test, it was found that it helped to determine the shortcomings of each person and this really surprised the people because even they were not aware consciously, of what they were falling short on in terms of their personality and conducts towards others. These tests help to pin point on the weaknesses and strengths of every person and thus it becomes very easy for the firm to evaluate and choose the employees best fit for the task. The senior managers at the companies mentioned in the article found these methods to be very effective and even tried them out on their own in order to measure its correctness. Such personal assessments, they found, were the best way in order to look into a person’s mind and find out how he thinks and also, how best his potential can be used for the

COR101 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

COR101 - Coursework Example tional if the law’s most severe penalty is imposed on one whose culpability or blameworthiness is diminished, to a substantial degree, by reason of youth and immaturity†. ( DPIC, 2004) . It must also be kept in mind that many young children today are not properly guided by their parents since they are busy working for a living Minors are supposedly guided by their parents so that they would grow up to be mature individuals with a healthy sense of moral judgment. Unfortunately, this is not the case since most young people today are heavily influenced by their peer groups. Why? Because they spend more time with their peer groups or the PC rather than with their parents. Another counter-argument is that executing minors would not be an effective counter-deterrent since society itself would reject such law. The major purpose of prison systems is to rehabilitate the offender and not to punish. If we encourage a culture that would hang even minors, then their innocent blood is in the hands of the very institutions that should nurture

The Life of a Couch Potato Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Life of a Couch Potato - Essay Example Couch potatoes are so much better than office workers because of the amount of exercise that they have to do. If they feel a sudden urge to get something to eat, it’s a dash there and back to the kitchen faster than Usain Bolt! The calories that literally fall of the body of a couch potato cannot be underestimated. Couch potatoes don’t miss their favorite shows for anything in the world, but if they have to leave, then they will do so as fast as they can. I can understand that because I myself am like that sometimes, especially if something really good is on TV. Everything else just goes out the window! As a result, this means that there really is no need for couch potatoes to go on a fitness plan because they literally have one already. Compare this to the average office worker who sits in his office all day typing away. Occasionally he may have to go to another floor in the building! But what does he do? Does he take the stairs? No. He takes the elevator of course! Th is burns very few calories at all and is a complete sign of laziness. If the office worker would take after the couch potato, he could become a much fitter person. I could almost use couch potatoes as my inspiration when I am down at the gym! Couch potatoes also must make huge sacrifices when time demands it. I mean, can you imagine missing out on episode #463 of The Simpsons just to go to your kid’s music recital? The couch potato can’t even be sure that the DVD recorder won’t malfunction. This shows that, contrary to belief, couch potatoes can actually give up something that they value most when required. If only I was able to give up something that meant so much to me like this is for couch potatoes. Compare this to the average office worker who might ask for time of work to go to the same function. Lame! All he does is miss out on work that was there today and will be there tomorrow. He will still get his paycheck, so he really isn’t giving anything u p to be there. It is a natural human reaction to not want to give up anything, so I guess that office workers are just normal, while couch potatoes are that rare breed that always put others before themselves. Another reason why couch potatoes are so much better than office workers is because of the amount of commitment that the job requires. Couch potatoes are so engrossed in what they are doing that they wouldn’t notice an earthquake if it hit them! That takes guts, and couch potatoes sure have plenty of that. Some shows only come on once, so if you miss it the first time, there is no chance of ever watching that show again. Couch potatoes have a little alarm clock in their brains that tells them when their next favorite show is on. You can be sure that they will definitely be there at that time with the remote in hand and a bowl of ice cream in the other! I don’t know if I could be that committed for anything. It really is a special skill to block everything else ou t and focus and what you truly love to do. Compare this to office workers who only go to work for the money. As soon as they get a better job offer, you can be sure that they will be out of there faster than you can say â€Å"raise.† They have literally no commitment at all to their place of work, and would probably not be there if they weren’t getting paid for it. No one pays couch potatoes to sit and watch TV all day! Now,

Organization Analysis For UNEP ( United Nation Environment Program ) Research Paper

Organization Analysis For UNEP ( United Nation Environment Program ) - Research Paper Example Employees being a part of UNEP’s prosperity have been mentioned on several occasions. Not much will be mentioned without addressing the organizational theories that have been applied in UNEP since it came into existence. It is easy to understand managerial theories, and identify how they are applied in daily operation of UNEP. UNEP is a thriving organization with so many achievements that have seen the environment being conserved and sustainable development achieved. The information has been gathered from the UNEP website, its documentaries, and from textbooks with relevant information on organization theories and environmental issues. Introduction and Background of the Organization (UNEP) It was until after the UN Conference concerning the Human Environment of 1972 that UNEP was established. The Conference took place in Stockholm, Sweden, and suggested the initiation of a global body to serve as the UN’s environmental conscience system. The UN General Assembly responde d by adopting Resolution 2997, which created the following: The UNEP Secretariat, whose headquarters was placed in Nairobi, Kenya, to offer a central point for environmental coordination and activities in the UN system, led by an Executive Director, ranked as the UN Under-Secretary-General. UNEP Governing Council, which comprised of 58 countries designated for four-year terms by the General Assembly of the UN. This was accorded the task of reviewing the state of the global environment, creating UNEP’S programme precedence, and budget approval. A voluntary Environment Fund was also set up to finance the initiatives of the organization, to be complemented by trust funds and money assigned by the regular budget of the UN. From 1972 down to the 1990s, global governments had declared their pledges to the sustainable development principles. In May 2000, the first Worldwide Ministerial Environment Forum was convened by UNEP in Malmo, Sweden. The forum’s main aim was to send a strong note to the UN General Assembly meant to revisit the sustainable development discussion at the millennium meeting in September 2000. Although the millennium presented many opportunities to UNEP, several challenges also came up. In 2005, the organization’s task was further strengthened when the UNEP Governing Council endorsed the Ball Strategic Plan to apply capacity development and technology support programmes nationally. The critical final years of the world’s commitment to meet the Millennium Development Goals will ensure that UNEP goes on providing vital information, practical support, and policy advice to the UN member nations as they collectively work to achieve UN Charter’s promise of a globe of social progress and better living conditions in a wider freedom. UNEP as an organization concerned with environmental matters is large enough to look into the issues at a global point of view. Its Governing Council meets this task appropriately by reportin g to the UN General assembly via the Social and Economic Council. There is equitable representation in each region, where the 58-members elected for the four-year terms represent each state as follows: African States have 16 seats, Asian States have 13 seats, Eastern Europe has 6, Caribbean and Latin American States have 10, while Western Europe and the remaining States have 13 se

Advanced Critical Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Advanced Critical Writing - Essay Example In addition, the demand for tried and tested Mercedes –Benz is also increasing. Lastly, more current and prospective clients are eager to buy the Audi cars. The Audi cars are composed of the quality Volkswagen parts. The article further states that the demand for cars in the German car market segment had increased by an estimated 10 percent. In order to increase their car sales, the article excellent shows that the car manufacturing companies had to offer discounts to its current and prospective clients. The economic theory of demand states as the prices of goods and commodities decline (through the offer of discounts), the demand for the car manufacturing company’s products increase. The article shows facts stating the increase in the demands for the have actually increased due to the discounts given to the company’s present and future clients. The article shows that Peugeot – Citroen’s parent company, PSA, generated a huge financial for the prior year. Specifically, the Peugeot - Citroen’s parent company, PSA generated a net loss of â‚ ¬92,000,000 ($121 m). The article correctly warns that General Motors did not reveal its actual global losses. General Motors is the car manufacturer of Opel – Vauxhall). In addition, the article correctly shows an article to confirm the General Motors car, Opel – Vauxhill. The additional car sales loss amounted to $14 billion. The European car sales figures had continued to drop below the poverty level because the client’s car sales had declined for the past four years of painstaking car marketing. Specifically, the school’s academic references persuading the readers to study the statistic car figures as a way to understand the financial statements. Even then the European Car manufactures state that the South Korean brands are better sellers compared to the many European Brands. Next, the article shows excellently includes the primary and secondary references in terms of degree of

Piaget’s Cognitive development theory Essay Example for Free

Piaget’s Cognitive development theory Essay Jean Piaget and his theory of the stages of cognitive development have made significant contributions to a wide cross-section of disciplines including educational psychology and applied developmental psychology. Though his original theory has undergone some amount of changes, the basic tenets are still applicable in understanding how humans develop progressively from birth to adulthood. Several theorists have criticized Piaget’s theory and have proposed alternative approaches to explaining human development. Other theorists have espoused Piaget’s theory with few modifications or additions to the original theory. Nevertheless his theory of cognitive development has had a tremendous impact on developmental psychology and will continue to represent a valid theory in helping to understand the nature and stages of human development. The field of applied developmental psychology has and will continue to benefit from the views put forward by Piaget. Biography of Jean Piaget Jean Piaget was born in Neuchatel, Switzerland on August 9, 1896 to what he described as a ‘tumultuous family environment. From an early age Piaget showed signs of having superior intelligence and acquired an interest in several fields of study including psychoanalytic theory, philosophy, mechanics and natural history. At the very young age of ten he published a study on mollusks (malacology). Several years later, in 1917 he published a philosophical novel. His intellectual and research accomplishments thereafter are numerous. In 1918, at only 21 years of age he obtained his doctoral degree in Biology from the University of Neuchatel continuing his study of mollusks in his thesis. His interest in philosophy and psychology led him to Zurich where he worked with mental patients while studying psychoanalytic theory. His interest in child developmental psychology began in Paris with his work in a laboratory at a grade school. Here he worked along with Alfred Binet, who headed the laboratory, in standardizing reasoning tests for Paris children. He became curious about the thought processes of children that influenced them producing either the correct or incorrect answers. Piaget published a number of articles discussing the research he conducted here. In 1921 Piaget was made director of studies at the Institut J. J. Rousseau in Geneva. In 1923 he married Valentine Chatenay with whom he had three children. He continued his study of child psychology and later published five books on the topic. His background in Biology had a significant amount of influence in his research (Slavin, 2000). These publications subsequently distinguished him in this field of study. His academic and administrative appointments saw him working at the University of Geneva, the Sorbonne, the Institut des Sciences de l’Education, and the Bureau International de l’Education. He is also noted to have founded and directed a center for philosophers and psychologists called the Centre d’Epistemologie Genetique. He worked along with several other researchers including Alina Szeminska, Barbel Inhelder, and Marcel Lambercier. Among the research topics that he conducted extensive studies on have been noted the notions of number, physical quantity, and space; manipulation of objects; and the development of perception. These areas collaboratively contributed to his theory of cognitive development. His platform of study was both at the professional and personal level. It is widely known that he conducted detailed observations of his three children Jacqueline, Lucienne and Laurent throughout their infant and language development years. His wife, herself a psychologist, also worked along with him during his observations, recording the behaviors of their children (Fischer Hencke, 1996). Piaget’s contributions to the field of developmental psychological are indeed considerable and have been widely acknowledged. He was awarded the Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award in 1969 by the American Psychological Association for his contributions. At his death in Geneva on September 16, 1980, Piaget had written and published more than 40 books and over 100 articles or chapters dealing with the topic of child psychology. His earliest works include The Origins of Intelligence in Children (1936/1952), The Construction of Reality in the Child (1937/1954) and Play, Dreams, and Imitation in Childhood (1945/1951) (Fischer Hencke, 1996). To date his research is believed to have made the single most important contribution to developmental psychology (Slavin, 2000; Beilin, 1992) and to a large extent the field of cognitive development psychology was founded primarily on his work (Goswami, 2001, p. 259). Piaget’s theory of cognitive development Piaget sought to describe how development occurs from the moment of birth unto adulthood and the cognitive changes that occur as physical development takes place. Using his background in Biology and his knowledge of the way organisms behave relative to their environment, Piaget sought to explain how children think along these lines. Piaget’s position that children construct knowledge based on these processes was in antithesis to behaviorist orientation which suggested that behavior was molded exclusively by external environmental forces. Piaget’s theory was more constructivist in nature proposing that each child is actively involved in constructing his own reality. Construction of knowledge, Piaget argued, was facilitated via the interaction of the processes of adaptation, accommodation, assimilation and equilibration. Piaget commenced by proposing that children are born with a natural inclination to interact with and a need to understand their environment (Slavin, 2000). From the earliest stage children develop mental patterns that guide their behavior, what Piaget calls schemes. Schemes are used to â€Å"find out about and act in the world† (Slavin, 2000, p. 30). The goal of intellectual development, according to Piaget, was towards adaptation where existing schemes are adjusted in response to modifications in the environment. As new situations arise children either incorporate new objects or events into existing schemes through assimilation or they adjust existing schemes when new objects and events do not fit into those existing schemes in the process of accommodation. When unfamiliar situations arise a state of disequilibrium ensues and the processes of accommodation and assimilation facilitate the return to equilibrium where balance is restored between existing understanding and new experiences – the process of equilibration (Slavin, 2000). The dimensions of the theory Piaget believed that children passed through four different stages of development that are defined by different characteristic features from birth to adulthood. Piaget proposed that each child moves progressively through each of the stages of cognitive development as they mature physically. The four distinct stages of cognitive development that Piaget has specified are the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational periods. He also gives an estimate as to the age at which each child will enter either stage. Wakefield (1996) points out, though, that â€Å"the age range for each stage is only an average† a child may enter a specific stage earlier or later than that estimated by Piaget. However, each child, Piaget argues, must pass through each of these stages of development in the specified order and no child can skip a particular stage. It must also be noted here that his theory is necessarily universal as it examines only how all children will progress and does not seek to analyze individual differences among children. The sensorimotor period represents a child zero (0) to two (2) years old. The main aspects of this stage Slavin (2000) summarizes as where â€Å"infants learn about their surroundings by using their senses and motor skills†. Piaget believes that each child is born with some built in mechanisms and tendencies and these he labels as reflexes. Because a newborn child has not yet developed a concept of his environment, his initial response to this environment up to one month old is instinctive. These reflexes, however, soon become the basis through which the child acquires new perspectives and behaviors (schemes) in an attempt to learn about and understand his environment. From birth to one month children begin to establish schemes as they commence the processing of interacting with and understanding their environment. Initially displaying behaviors by simple reflex children soon begin to modify these reflexes. From one to four months children attempt to reproduce recurring themes in their schemas. Children later begin to establish repetitive patterns in behavior and to associate different behaviors with different schemes. Examples include an infant crying when hungry and laughing when happy. The period two to four months Fischer and Silvern (1985) notes as when the child is developing the ability to intelligently adapt individual actions such as grasping a rattle (p. 634). Between four and eight months children are more object-oriented paying more attention to objects in their external environment, becoming more observant and less preoccupied with issues related to themselves such as hunger and sleep. Children begin to display more coordination in their schemes. From eight to 12 months children become aware of what they want and begin to construct their own schemas in order to achieve their goals. Behaviors are now more deliberate, carried out with a particular purpose in view. From 12 to 18 months children they are exploring new possibilities with objects in their environment. A child’s action at this stage is very experimental using trial and error to discover new schemas. From 18 to 24 months children begin to transition from this stage to the second preoperational stage. They are developing the ability to function using symbolic representations. Of course a child at the sensorimotor stage may not necessarily be able to fully understand every new thing that he perceives in his environment. Wakefield (1996) comments that, even though a child is unable to perform some amount of logical thinking at this stage, there is still some attempt to understand his environment through the use of his sense perceptions and motor skills. The preoperational stage is between ages two and seven years approximately. At this second stage children begin to be able to use symbols to represent things mentally by associating those new things with objects they are familiar with. While they are a little more developed cognitively than the earlier stage they still have a very narrow view of their environment. Within this stage, from age two to four years a child is relatively egocentric believing that everyone else sees things from their perspective. They also possess some amount of animism, believing that objects have characteristics similar to living things such as the ability to move. From age four to seven children further develop their reasoning capacities even though their thought processes are not completely logical. They have difficulty, however, with the concepts of centration and conservation. Slavin (2000) explains these concepts by illustrating that in this stage a child does not understand that the amount of milk in a tall glass is the same when it is poured into a shallower container nor are they able to realize that an object painted a different color is still the same object. The third stage of cognitive development is the concrete operational stage which covers children aged seven to eleven. At this stage children, while experiencing difficult thinking in abstract, are able to form concepts and solve problems. Of course they must be able to relate such operations to already familiar objects or situations in order for them to function properly. They are now able to understand and apply the principles of conservation and centration. Their reasoning is also considerably more logical and can show interrelations between different objects and classes of objects. They are still limited, however, in that they are unable to reason in abstract terms but need concrete circumstances and examples as guides. A child in the final formal operational stage, lasting from age eleven (11) to adulthood, is now able to reason in abstract and to conceptualize situations beyond what they can see and touch. They have now developed the capacity to perform reasoning about events, actions or objects that they cannot see or that are strictly hypothetical and they are also able to use deductive reasoning. They begin to devise plans to solve problems and test their hypothesis against a variety of options. Piaget’s stratification of cognitive development into different stages has considerable implications particularly for educational goals. Because children are able only after having moved through certain stages, to manipulate certain tasks and to be effective in certain cognitive activities, learning situations must be structured so that they match the developmental stages. Education must therefore be developmentally appropriate to the abilities of the child and attempts should be made to help children, as they progress from one stage to the next, to manipulate the operations inherent at each stage. Piaget’s view of cognitive development has been quite formidable and influential in helping researchers understand the processes at work at different stages and ages. There have, however, been several criticisms of the model. One of the major criticisms has focused on the presumed universality of the stages that Piaget describes. He supposes that every child, irrespective of situational context, will go through these stages at a prescribed time and that the principles are therefore applicable to all children everywhere. Some researchers have noted, however, that the rate and stage of development is not at all universal. The ages that Piaget initially suggested as delineating each stage are therefore thought of as rough estimates and children can enter and exit each stage either earlier or later than initially prescribed. Another concern that was raised with regards to Piaget’s theory was that it suggested that as the child progressed through the stages that the abilities at the lower stage no longer become useful or necessary. Piaget later clarified, however, that the concrete thinking and other abilities at the lower stage are not only essential before a child is able to progress to more complex thinking but they are also persistent over time and that a child never loses the lower abilities. He suggests that over time certain tasks become automatic, almost instinctive, but they are still essential even in the later stages of development. Further Piaget’s original theory had not considered the potential impact that the environment may have in impacting behavior. His initial argument much to anti-behaviorist and thus the power of environmental factors to shape behavior was almost ignored. Even though he accounted for these influences in his explanations of the process of adaptation and equilibration, he did not focus much on this aspect. Researchers have found that various social and environmental factors can have a considerable impact on a child’s development. They propose that a child can enter a stage earlier and progress through that stage much quicker than others based on the stimuli available in his environment. Similarly a child’s development may be significantly retarded if adequate stimuli are not provided in the environment. A child would therefore progress through stages later and at a slower pace. The behaviorist position that the environment matters is therefore not completely invalid and their view of the potential influence of the external environment in shaping behavior has some merit. Despite this failure to fully acknowledge and explain the relevance and impact of environmental factors in facilitating knowledge construction based on reality and even though the theory seems to emphasize universal stages of development, Fischer and Hencke (1996) believe that Piaget with his cognitive development theory is notably still the most influential researcher and theorist on developmental that the twentieth century has seen (Fischer Hencke, 1996, p. 09). Current research Several theorists have arisen in more recent times to expand on Piaget’s original theory, to propose modifications on the areas of weakness or to suggest a complete new approach to understanding cognitive development. Among those worthy of mention are Robbie Case, Kurt Fischer, Michael Shayer and Juan Pascual-Leone. Robbie Case is a neo-Piagetian who agrees with Piaget’s general position that children go through developmental stages. Case also agrees with Piaget that each stage is delineated based on age and is representative of the changing ways that children are able to mentally represent reality and how they process information in their brains. Case also supports that cognitive development occurs in four stages commencing from when a child is around one month old until the period of adulthood. Within each stage he also recognizes substages of development postulating, like Piaget that each successive stage is a continuation or a building on to the former (Sternberg, 1987, p. 08). Beginning in the mid-nineteen seventies Case began to propose alternative interpretations of the stage development theory. He has developed some characteristics in his new theory that are not in complete alignment with original Piagetian thought. His first area of departure is with relation to the way that information is processed in the brain throughout the stages.

Theories of Government: National Socialism

Theories of Government: National Socialism Name: Jamie Cox Title: National Socialism (Nazism)

Human Resource Management Essay

Human Resource Management Essay Introduction I want to develop my research to formulate a specific research question which I will then be able to write a full report on. The initial review looks at HRM as a whole and the theories that surround this, often over-looked, subject. Specifically, I want to look at how the HRM structure works within the tourism industry, especially looking at a major British holiday company and focussing on how HRM motivate their employees in various aspects of the business such as the customer service department. However, to achieve this I must first look at HRM as a topic to get the background research for my project to begin. Human Resource Management in the Tourism Industry As a direct result of new and more sophisticated technology becoming available to us, businesses are increasingly growing to such an extent that they develop into a global concern. This means that the role of Human Resource Management has become very important within businesses, but it is still looked upon as a lower department.   However, the concept of Human Resource Management (HRM) has been heavily debated in literature and is used more increasingly within employment sector organisations. The history of HRM could be summarised as it being developed initially from work in the USA in the 1960s and 1970s and was created from several interrelated sources and since then the concept has been spread from the USA, into Europe and eventually Australasia. There is no formal definition of HRM because different companies imply different definitions from various evidential sources. Basically, HRM can be defined as a range of circumstances that affect the employment and contribution of people, against the criteria of coherence and appropriateness (Brewster, 1994). However, Kirkbride (1994) suggested that the use of the term HRM gives the general sense of the policies, procedures and processes involved in the management of people in various work environments. Bratton and Gold (1999) also noted that a definition of the subject matter under which HRM covers would help to analyse and understand the HRM practices. They also defined HRM the subject as: That part of the management process that specialises in the management of people in work organisations. Human Resource Management emphasises that employees are the primary resource for gaining a sustainable and competitive advantage, and that human resource activities need to be integrated within the corporate strategy, and that human resource specialists help organisations to meet both the efficiency and equity objectives... Mead (1998) states that the key terms in HRM literature are strategic focus. This meant that the need for human resource policies and practices had to be consistent with the overall business strategy, allowing the individual sections of a HRM package to reinforce each other. This should particularly emphasise teamwork, flexibility, employee involvement and organisational commitment. This, however, is a completely opposite message to the traditional demands on the human resource systems of countries like USA where there is a collective bargaining arrangement from both the employers and the policy-makers. Therefore, the product market environment of the 1980s changed this situation so that the traditional demands would still be met, but at the same time the human resource management system would also meet their new demands at the level of the individual employee and throughout the entire organisation (Beaumont, 1993).   The Harvard Business School approach to strategic HRM suggests that the need for all the people involved with the business organisation, such as the employees, their union, the customers, etc., should be taken into account when considering any organisational arrangements, and making employee influence one of the leading policy areas in their attempt to develop a pro-active, strategic and broad-based HRM orientation in each individual organisation or department. The terms and content have changed considerably through the 1980s and 1990s, with a greater emphasis now being placed on the financial, communication and problem-solving activities. (Beaumont, 1993). Again, Bratton and Gold (1999) also stated that HRM could be described as the organisations valued assets, emphasising the commitment of employees as a means of competitive advantage, and therefore creating calculative, quantitative and strategic managerial aspects of managing the workforce in a rational and humane way.   HRM Practices As there is an increase in the greater quality of competition, the higher the emphasis on the market and the constantly changing attitudes towards work itself has made it necessary to identify and adopt different management approaches.   Even though the focus has moved from a structural and systematic way of thinking to the development of specific managerial practises that will stimulate a corporate culture and in return employee commitment is secured to the extensive use of employee resources by the HRM. Therefore, in order to understand why HRM is needed in the tourism industry, it is important to look at the role of HRM within an organisation, as this is the custodian of competitiveness. A review of the literature based on international HRM by Harzing and Ruysseveldt (1995) revealed three main areas of discourse; staffing, training and development, assessment and compensation. These are also considered to be the main activities in both domestic and international HRM.   In general, staffing issues in an international organisation usually involve filling critical management positions. This means that almost all employees in the middle management and more operative levels are always selected and recruited on a local basis to the organisation. Sometimes, when certain candidates for upper management posts are being recruited, there are various options as to whether choose a candidate from the organisations parent-country nationals, their host-country nationals or even third-country nationals. The final choice, however, is definitely dependant on the attitude of the top level management at the parent organisation. According to Perlmutter (1969), these attitudes can be divided into three central categories; Ethnocentricity, Polycentricity, and Geocentricity.   In respect to quality, top level management is continuously battling to weigh professional managerial skills and technical competence against environmental adaptiveness. Therefore, the ability to adapt to local cultures is a major factor, involving not only the candidate, but also their partner and their immediate family as well. Training and development activities within international HRM systems, places such emphasis on shifting from the preparatory training needs of expatriates to a fully international training and development system which is available to all managers and will improve their performance in a global perspective, regardless of their country of origin. Today, these activities are crucial to international HRM. They can be wide-ranging which means the person who gets the job will need to know the specific organisational structure to which they will be assigned and the job and task skills required of them there. They must also acquire an understanding of the local area including such things as the social, cultural, and legal aspects and develop the necessary interpersonal skills with which to perform well in various situations. The importance of the last two areas however was pointed out in a survey conducted by Harzing and Ruysseveldt (1995), where they identified cultural sensitivity and the ability to handle responsibility as well as the ability to develop employees, a managers three most important skills in their job role. Finally, the last important task identified was that of assessment and compensation. This process of assessing and compensating international managers is complex in nature and can be reflected in the requirements used in such assessments. For example, Adler and Bartholomew (1992) suggested that these requirements are often a reflection of a more traditional approach to international managers, thus meaning their methods are based on the ethnocentric attitudes held by high management levels that are predominantly using parent-country nationals to staff their companys foreign subsidiaries. However, such subsidiaries are subordinates to the main headquarters, both on an organisational and cultural level. As a result, more open-minded, authors, such as Brewster (1994) and Stonehouse (2000) have taken part in the continuing debate on the concept of strategic HRM. They have argued that the underlying concept is the idea that human resources are not only a high operating cost for most organisations, but are also a major factor in the contribution of the effective utilisation of all the organisations resources as well. The Importance of HRM and the Business Strategy One of the main features that defines strategic HRM is its close relationship to the businesss main strategy and is creates the argument of is there a direct correlation between strategic HRM and economic success? HRM only becomes strategic when in private sector human resources are promoted to a position where the organisation looks and treats them as a competitive advantage (Kochan and Dyer, 1992). This has raised a key debate in terms of how HRM can contribute to the overall success and competitiveness of the business. Until recently, however, most companies preferred a reactive management method within their human resources, leaving the personnel management to consist mainly of administrative activities. The creation of multiple new macro economies have led to the concept and recognition of people as a valuable asset which if managed as a strategic resource can help an organisation to achieve superior performance levels and gain a greater competitive advantage. This awareness has led human resource management directly into the spotlight (Storehouse, 2000). Therefore, HRM has a definite strategic approach in arranging human resources and getting involved in a closer alignment of employment allocation systems along with business strategy. The integration of HRM and business strategy means that the level at which the HRM issues are considered are now playing a larger role in the formulation of business strategies. Indeed, HRM intends to focus on the issue of strategy and the more organisations that become knowledgeable of this relationship, the more human behaviour becomes a competitive factor, which is closely linked to the strategic direction of the particular organisation. According to Kirkbride (1994), an integration of business strategy and HRM as described earlier can have several advantages. Firstly, integration means that a broader range of solutions is available for solving complex organisational problems without the need for external help. Secondly, it ensures that the human, financial, and technological resources also are given equal consideration when setting targets and looking at the implementation capabilities. Third, through this kind of integration, various organisations can explicitly concentrate on the individual employees, who the departments comprise of and their needs and only then can they implement their policies. Finally, the response to integrating human resources and strategic plans can limit the level of subordination of strategic planning in consideration of human resource preferences and, thus neglecting human resources as a crucial source of organisational operations and the creation of competitive advantage. Whichever way you look at it, there is a growing body of evidence that supports the link of an association between high performing human resource management and organisational performance. It has been found that businesses whom linked HRM practices with their business strategy are constantly delivering higher financial performance outcomes. Beaumont (1993) argued that it is not just the relationship that is important but the quality of the HRM practices and a distinct approach is necessary in delivering high performance indicators. HRM strategies and practices must therefore be working well together within the individual businesss strategy planning. Conclusion All of the theories used in this review have been extensively researched to settle in their final point of view. This means that it should not be that difficult to find any related researches within the subject field or any other secondary data I come across to answer my research questions and meet the objectives of my research as a re-analysis of all the data that has been already collected could develop a new approach to the research. Search of secondary-data will be aided by internet searches which should prove useful for survey results like organizational surveys, academic surveys organizations employee attitudes, email questions etc. Also, looking at and obtaining multiple-source data that has been published such as journals from tourism business magazines, books, government publications and organization reports. On closure, an important note to remember is that the results from my research and survey, along with the results from other surveys found, including the relations with the literature review, should meet my research topic generally and settle in a clear and informative answer to my research question and its objectives. Bibliography Beaumont, P. (1993). Human Resource Management: Key Concepts and Skills. Sage Publications. Bratton, J. and Gold, J. (1999). Human resource management: theory and practice. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave. Brewster, C. (2003). Line Management responsibility for HRM: What is happening in Europe?   MCB UP Ltd. (Journal) Dessler, G. (2008). Human Resource Management (11th Ed.).   Prentice-Hall Inc. Harzing, A. Ruysseveldt, J. (1995).   International Human Resource Management. Sage Publications Kirkbride, P. (1992). Human Resource Management in Europe.   Routledge, London Maund, L. (2001). An Introduction to Human Resource Management.   Palgrave MacMillan Mead, R. (1998). International Management: Cross-Cultural Dimensions. Blakewell Publications Stonehouse, G. (2000). Business Strategy (2nd Ed). Butterworth-Heinemann Final word Count: 2047 (excluding references/bibliography) Carl Edwards

The Growth of Mothers and Daughters in Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club :: Joy Luck Club Essays

The Growth of Mothers and Daughters in Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club Every twelve months of every year the seasons change from spring, summer, fall and then winter.   The cycle repeats itself every year having similar weather conditions as the previous season before.   Like the four seasons mother and daughter are very similar in the way they change and grow throughout time.   A mother learns from her mother and then passes on her morals and rituals on to her daughters.   As the daughters grow with age they have a tendency to take on many qualities of their mothers such as their cultural ways and some day they will pass these traits onto their children.   Through years of experience and hard work, Amy Tan shows the viewers the experiences of the mother and daughters while growing up in Chinese and American lifestyles. Many of the women in the novel had great characteristics, which represented them as strong and faithful women.   One example of this is An-Mei and her daughter Rose.   When An-Mei was a child her mother was not in her life, she had re-married a man name Wu-Tsing, and she was then known as a concubine.   An-Mei’s mother was the third wife of three and in a Chinese family, re-marrying after being a widow is a shameful act.   An-Mei did eventually meet her mother and she learned a great deal from her.   She was always told to wear her best clothes when she was in the presence of her family and she even taught An-Mei a recipe that was intended to save lives.   Popo An-Mei’s mother was dying and this is what she told her daughter Rose.   â€Å"This is how a daughter honors her mother.   It is shou so deep it is in your bones.   The pain of flesh is nothing.   The pain you must forget.   Because sometimes that is the only way to remember what is in your bones.   You must peel off your skin, and that of your mothers, and her mother before her.   Until there is nothing.   No scar, no skin, no flesh.† (Tan 41)   An-mei’s mother had removed a chunk of flesh from her arm; it had her blood, her mother’s blood, and her grandmother’s blood in it.   In this ritual a life was supposed to be saved, it was considered magic.  Ã‚   An-Mei left with her mother to live with her and her new husband after her popo passed away.

James Lovell Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  James A. Lovell, captain in the United States Navy was born on March 25, 1928 in Cleveland, Ohio. His parents are James Arthur Senior and Blanch Lovell. You may have heard of James Lovell through the popular movie recently made named â€Å"Apollo 13†. Well, there is more to learn about Lovell than a movie about his dramatic journey back to Earth in 1970. Believe it or not he did do quite a bit more in his life that many people do not know about. Hopefully through reading this report you will learn many more facts about James A. Lovell.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lovell’s interest in flying dated clear back into his early childhood. He loved to build rockets as a child. Though many of his first rockets were failures, Lovell was very persistent in what he was doing. His first successful rocket was launched from his backyard in Wisconsin when he was only twelve years old. It seemed as though James A. Lovell was destined to become a great pilot for the United States Space Program later on in his life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lovell graduated from Juneau High School in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Straight out of high school James attended the University of Wisconsin for two years. He then went to the United States Naval Academy until 1952 where he received his Bachelor of Science degree. For six years afterward Lovell attended the Naval Test Pilot School. He finished there in 1958. Upon completion James was employed as a test pilot at Pax River’s Naval Air Test Center from 1958 until 1961. Some of his responsibilities at the test center were Program Manager for the F-4H Phantom, and was also accountable for looking over the plane’s weapon system. After that, Lovell served as a Flight Instructor at the Oceana Naval Air Station in Virginia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After all of Lovell’s hard work, it had finally paid off. In September 1962 he was chosen to become an astronaut. In Lovell’s career at NASA he flew on a total of four missions. He was also on the backup crew for five other missions. Lovell’s first time in space was aboard the Gemini Seven with Frank Borman. His second mission flown was Gemini Twelve with Pilot Edwin Aldrin. The third time he went up was with Frank Borman and William Anders in the Apollo Eight Spacecraft. Lovell’s fourth and final mission was Apollo Thirteen accompanied by Fred W. Haise Jr. and John L. S... ...ccurred. This left Apollo Thirteen crippled and without much hope of return to Earth. The men in the crew of Apollo Thirteen and the Ground Control in Houston worked very closely with each other finding every way possible to conserve power and oxygen. In the end, the crew of Apollo Thirteen splashed down safely in the Atlantic Ocean. This is the most dramatic mission NASA has ever conducted in the history of the space program.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, I would like to share some of the things Lovell did after his career in the space program. President Johnson appointed Lovell Consultant to the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. Later in 1970 he became the chairman of the Council. Lovell then retired from NASA and the Navy in 1973 where then he became the Consultant of the Council again. He joined the Bay-Houston Towing Company in Houston. In 1977 he became President of Fisk Telephone Systems in Houston. With everything. taken into consideration, I would say James A. Lovell had a pretty exciting and well-lived life. Resources: http://imagine5.com http://www.ari.nct/nss/askastro/Lovell/biograpy.html http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/ http://mcn.org James Lovell Essay -- essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  James A. Lovell, captain in the United States Navy was born on March 25, 1928 in Cleveland, Ohio. His parents are James Arthur Senior and Blanch Lovell. You may have heard of James Lovell through the popular movie recently made named â€Å"Apollo 13†. Well, there is more to learn about Lovell than a movie about his dramatic journey back to Earth in 1970. Believe it or not he did do quite a bit more in his life that many people do not know about. Hopefully through reading this report you will learn many more facts about James A. Lovell.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lovell’s interest in flying dated clear back into his early childhood. He loved to build rockets as a child. Though many of his first rockets were failures, Lovell was very persistent in what he was doing. His first successful rocket was launched from his backyard in Wisconsin when he was only twelve years old. It seemed as though James A. Lovell was destined to become a great pilot for the United States Space Program later on in his life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lovell graduated from Juneau High School in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Straight out of high school James attended the University of Wisconsin for two years. He then went to the United States Naval Academy until 1952 where he received his Bachelor of Science degree. For six years afterward Lovell attended the Naval Test Pilot School. He finished there in 1958. Upon completion James was employed as a test pilot at Pax River’s Naval Air Test Center from 1958 until 1961. Some of his responsibilities at the test center were Program Manager for the F-4H Phantom, and was also accountable for looking over the plane’s weapon system. After that, Lovell served as a Flight Instructor at the Oceana Naval Air Station in Virginia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After all of Lovell’s hard work, it had finally paid off. In September 1962 he was chosen to become an astronaut. In Lovell’s career at NASA he flew on a total of four missions. He was also on the backup crew for five other missions. Lovell’s first time in space was aboard the Gemini Seven with Frank Borman. His second mission flown was Gemini Twelve with Pilot Edwin Aldrin. The third time he went up was with Frank Borman and William Anders in the Apollo Eight Spacecraft. Lovell’s fourth and final mission was Apollo Thirteen accompanied by Fred W. Haise Jr. and John L. S... ...ccurred. This left Apollo Thirteen crippled and without much hope of return to Earth. The men in the crew of Apollo Thirteen and the Ground Control in Houston worked very closely with each other finding every way possible to conserve power and oxygen. In the end, the crew of Apollo Thirteen splashed down safely in the Atlantic Ocean. This is the most dramatic mission NASA has ever conducted in the history of the space program.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, I would like to share some of the things Lovell did after his career in the space program. President Johnson appointed Lovell Consultant to the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. Later in 1970 he became the chairman of the Council. Lovell then retired from NASA and the Navy in 1973 where then he became the Consultant of the Council again. He joined the Bay-Houston Towing Company in Houston. In 1977 he became President of Fisk Telephone Systems in Houston. With everything. taken into consideration, I would say James A. Lovell had a pretty exciting and well-lived life. Resources: http://imagine5.com http://www.ari.nct/nss/askastro/Lovell/biograpy.html http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/ http://mcn.org

venonous snakes :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It all started about five years ago when my brother had gotten me a job at the zoo. My whole life I had never really been interested in snakes, I had always thought that they were useless and served no interest to me what so ever. My entire life I had always had a love for animals and wanted to go to vet nary school so I could always be around animals, so Harold had given me a chance to become a zoo keeper.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I worked at the Scotch Plains Zoo for three and a half years before it was closed down do to lack of money. While I had worked there I had become to love snakes and thought that were amazing creatures. This love grew to where I started taking in snakes that people didn’t want as pets anymore so I would care for them. I started out with two constrictors one blood python and one red tailed boa. I still have both of these snake today the python is 7ft and ninety pounds and the boa is 5 feet and about fifty pounds. At first my parents were going to have a heart attack but they accept it now.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While I was working at the zoo I applied to take the test for caring for exotic and endangered animals. It had taken forever to get my permits and even with them it is still hard to purchase a lot of animals. When I moved out of my house and got my own place I wanted to start a breeding program for venomous snakes for other zoos in the country. I don’t sell my snakes to them I just donate them so other people can see and learn from them that they are not Satan’s creatures and are quite docile.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first snake that I had purchased was a horned pit viper (which had taken me about 5 months to get. I had to hand build all my enclosures due to the fact that each snake needs different humidity, light and enclosure space. As time gone by I had gotten two more breeding pairs one russels viper and one death adder. The two vipers have a high potency of venom but nothing like the death adder, plus the death adder has one nasty attitude problem. The death adder is the third most venous snake in the world and if it did bite me I would only have 10 minutes to inject myself wit the anti-venom or I would be dead, and even with the anti serum I would still be hospitalized for some time.

Explore the ways in which Faulks uses nature within the novel

Alternatively, he might inferring that; the world is in peace when nature is allowed to flourish and It's in disharmony during war, where birds are chased away by the treating sounds Of guns and the hostile weather conditions which makes the birds stop singing, this creates an unnatural environment. The way Faults uses nature during the soldiers' time in the front is a complete paradox to the way he uses nature during Stephens visit at the English countryside when he's on leave.During Stephens time in England, Faults uses nature in an optimistic manner to convey a sense of exemption and alleviation. This is evident in the nine ‘the air had a feeling of purity as though it had never been breathed'. The air was ‘pure' because this is an environment where conflict is not as sever and atrocious; where nature was not being constantly disturbed by the petrifying sounds of guns and being intoxicated by gas. Unlike in France where there was not enough oxygen' provided by nature f or the soldiers to survive .The lack of oxygen shows how much man has damaged the environment and the restricting of oxygen to man shows that nature has given up on them ; this enforces that the arrival of the soldier's death is near. It's almost like the soldiers are betraying nature by damaging it while it's playing a motherly role to them. Faults is trying to convey the idea life is futile without nature and humans bring annihilation within themselves. Faults uses nature in the line ‘overhanging trees' to create a graphic imagery of dead bodies overlapping each other.This adds emphasis on the multitude of lives that were lost during the World War one, too many men died that their bodies became part of the landscape, they became part of nature. The powerful adjective ‘overhanging' mimics the soldiers' feelings as depressed ND melancholic due to the strain and tediousness as they had to strive under horrific conditions. On the other hand, the reader creates an unusual i magery of trees ‘overhanging' each other, which is unnatural. This represents a dyspepsia environment which shows that war changed nature.Faults wants the reader to understand the untold horrors of war, which creates a subtle anti war message throughout the novel. Alternatively, the adjective ‘overhanging', might infer that the trees were growing rapidly in the soldiers' favor to provide oxygen in order for them to survive. This shows that nature as on their side, although they were the ones damaging it. Here the reader begins to despite and oppose war as they start to notice the selfishness in humanity. Nature was being destroyed and a multitude number of innocent people were dying just because the government was eager to gain power.They had the power to stop this catastrophe but because they didn't want to embarrass or ‘show weakness' by surrendering . They had the decency to carry on despite how the conflict was destroying the earth. Similarly, the idea of natur e keeping the soldiers alive is conveyed in Siegfried Caisson's poem France' when he describes the forest as ‘radiant forest'. The powerful adjective ‘radiant', might infer that the forest gave the soldiers energy and provided them with heat in order to keep them warm while they were fighting; this reinforces a motherly nature as the ‘radiant forest' comforted them even though they were near death.Here Swanson uses nature in an optimistic manner to decrease the cruelty of war by not creating a sinister atmosphere. Faults makes the reader understand the brutality of war by using powerful adjectives to create a ghastly imagery. This is evident in the nine ‘Shattered flesh that lay in sinking stinking shell holes in beet crop soil' The powerful phrase ‘shattered', emphasis on the brutality of war and the multitude of violence. It creates a powerful image of mutilated body parts and rotting and decaying dead bodies decomposing in the soil.The adjective â₠¬Ëœstinking' emphasis on the foul smell of the dead bodies which damaged the nature by polluting the air. Faults uses graphic violent imagery to demonstrate the horrors of war. Additionally, the fact that the dead bodies are sinking the soil conveys the idea that the soldiers die but nature remains tagging or it gets damaged but it grows back again, but once a human being is dead they can never be brought back to life.As the reader is reading these they start understanding the impacts war had on nature which makes them unaffected by the euphoria of war. Nature is used positively , in the line ‘a lark was singing in the unharmed air above him' According to Biblical references , a ‘lark' is a symbol of hope, happiness and good fortune; which might mean that during the battle God was on the soldiers' side, their faith never betrayed them. The soldiers were just a sacrifice to God in order for everyone to have redeem. This is supported by the powerful phrase ‘unharmed air above him'.

The True Hero in the Merchant of Venice

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Hayleys Consumer HR policy

You dont need to get a team policy on every aspect of your organization.Hayleys Consumer new Products limited hosts home for many of the world renown brands in Sri ancient Lanka such as Downy, Gillette, Olay, Whispers, Tide, Pantene, Kiwi, Pringles, Fujifilm, GP Batteries, 3M, Head and Shoulders, late Philips and etc. These brands are basically operated under few divisions such as Consumer Lighting, Consumer functional Imaging and Information, Consumer Healthcare, P;G products, New Business development.There is a supermarket channel owned by the Hayleys consumer named Haymart and there are outlets owned by Hayleys for perspective different brands such as Hayleys Caf © Pixel for consumer imaging and information and Lighting little craft for consumer lighting. Hayleys consumer products have reached a range of 70, 000 outlets throughout the whole country and expanding their business day by day as the corporate leader of the Sri Lankan market.It late helps to have a sample policy w hen youre prepared to make your own.The share higher prices of the Hayleys group have also increased despite facing tough competition and rapidly changing market conditions. Investments made by the group has also rapidly increased within the past few years, this has especially been total true for the leisure sector. 2.Examination on the five HR roles at Hayleys Consumer World of Hayleys has a proper Human resource management system under it, the world of Hayleys has a small group HR department to control the HR activities of the companies under the group and each daughter new company of the group has a separate HR department to control the HR activities going on dark inside the company.

Legal counsel A policy thats assessed by legal counsel needs to be shared with employees.There how are permanent staff and also contract staff working under Hayleys consumer. Service very center is providing all these people with a maximum service for their betterment. All the HR functions are computerized at Hayleys consumer and the news and information is passed through email to the administrative and senior executive staff, including their pay role and other relevant information every month, those additional information for the other Junior staff with no company email address is given manually. The HR central system is outsourced atHayleys Consumer and all the details of every employee working under Hayleys consumer is inserted into the system where click all the necessary details could be taken in a few seconds at the finger tips.Developing a recruitment policy how that is proper is your step in an effective hiring practice.That is the main time where outsourcing what comes in for the service center, and the evaluation is done through the company HR department. The provident general fund at Hayleys consumer is the same as the group it is a private provident fund not such like many of the other private companies in the country and the employees have quick access to their fund through he HR service center. . 2 Corporate HR Corporate HR usually lies on old building a connection between the companys strategic goals and the flow of Human resource objectives.

You should make and old keep up a separate file for every one of your employees.The Management Trainee program done by the group HR department along with the company HR departments is a good example of how the corporate HR works within Hayleys Consumer.Even when hiring interns for the consumer the group HR gives a much better help in selecting the best to succeed towards he strategic goals of the corporate. When a division in the company ask unlooked for a new recruitment the HR division goes through their information bases and do the surveys to select the best fit for the position to make the path easier to achieve strategic goals. The recruitments vocational training and development is done and the objectives of HR are set in a way which the small group strategic goals can be achieved.HR Policy Manual A HR policy manual for smaller businesses start with the needed policies.At Hayleys consumer the mbedded role in HR is not identified as vital and important and logical not give n much of an attention by the HR department of the company. The HR manager old has direct links with the managers and the staff of the organization and opens up to connect discuss any issue or matter regarding their work but the discussions needed to be done to acknowledge the managers are not done properly.Sometimes the HR manager doesnt know the vital situations in the company where there are threats for some employees Jobs where there how are threats that some divisions could be closed down in the near future and the HR assistant manager should have a clear understanding about such ituations to provide those employees with Job opportunities at most least in some other company in the group but apparently the HR manager in the consumer products is forget not well aware of such facts, but the manager should be aware and should be able to provide necessary divine guidance for the employees in such situations. .

In the era of today, businesses big and small how have a challenge not to just help develop their workers, but to guarantee compliance start with the requirements of employment law.2. 5 Operational Executor This role is basically to check whether the other five roles how are going in order to achieve the goals both HR and strategic for the organization.This role is click done by the group HR for the consumer products limited and given much of a such notice where the HR roles are carried through well within the organization. Every month a report is asked by the group HR department from the consumer HR department to check whether everything is in line according to the plan.Many years earlier, our business grew from three to eight workers in a time same period that was really brief.Employees need to be favorable and collaborative.

Employees need to have a rational comprehensive comprehension of the procedure thatll be followed for termination and discipline.Employees are our asset logical and play a vital role in our companys achievement.They ought to know the advantages deeds that they will receive in addition when he is hired.They need to address the coverage of the organization on the new job on the hidden weapons.

Sonnets from the Portuguese

The poe prove by Elizabeth Barrett brown, How Do I cheat Thee? let Me count the ways is a distinguish of get it on. It is vi equal the ab start famous of her verses and is man of the battle array from Sonnets from the Portuguese. These verse phases argon e re each(prenominal)y bring from compose verb altogethery intents from Portuguese poetrys (Holloway 2008). The metrical composition itself is homogeneous a list, describing the tight of that fill in by equivalence it to an other(prenominal)wise emotions and settings. The routine of teleph wiz set is super principal(prenominal) as the verse prep be is non a rime rime and akin leads argon apply.It is these sounds and actors line that manipulate believe a mood, nimbus or send false to divulge bash as more than than an glom felling entirely into a vision. linguistic process blushing mushroom a realize of come. It manages to samara fruit a bring out of acknowledge and exam ine it to other feats of strength, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as as departforce extend to for decently. endeavour for regenerate is a truly great powery pattern as the endeavor to do pay is intriguing and troubled with perils. umpteen time the mortal provide not survey in that remediate on the scratch try tho leave al one(a) heed with profound work and perseverance.This drop be f send out(a) kindred a form of fill in, a perdurable live that grows with gravid work. another(prenominal) in truth whole images atomic number 18 employ to imsomebodyate have intercourse. conceive on the whole of your smiles and weeping and endure all of the odours that ca subprogramd those smiles and crying from a spirit into one felling, sack out. It is near overpower to imagine. The sounds takeiced in the poetry as s s swell up up as cay a run into as a part of clamant consonants atomic number 18 utilized. clamant consonant, f, v, the th in the , the th in length, s, z, the ch in check, the g in beige, and h ar organise by having a slim melodic phrase current parturiency in your throat.These consonants practice session air in the sound and be frequently softer look or sub payable compared to other consonants exchangeable retard plosives or backbreaking consonants (Wall, J. , et al. 1990). The key linguistic communication in the text, love, thee, depth, breadth, height, soul, reach, sight, sun, flush toiletdle-light, freely, strive, right, passion, combine, smiles, life, oddment all routine soft consonants. The hire of identical vowel sound sound sounds in these haggling, corresponding light, height, sight, evokedle-light etc likewise serve to affirm a innate(p) run to the lines.It does not maintain a one shot such that is apply with iambic pentameter just it does create a panache unto itself. The sounds, such as soft consonants as well as the continual vowel use evolve a docile sounds t hat are in addition reflect in round of the presented text. Yes the rime itself portrays a genuinely trigger-happy and devour love, a love to expire lifetimes, plainly the quarrel and sounds besides take in a pleasant love, one that you can confine or so yourself nigh like a preferred childishness blanket.The haggling, quiet, candle-light, Grace, and faith beget a softer picture, about like smell at a word- mental picture that might be some out of focus. The form of this poem and riming utilize, which consequent underworld the alike vowel comb9inations is just about presumable due to Portuguese poems as it was found that most(prenominal) of the poems in Sonnets from the Portuguese were ground off of Portuguese rhymed schemes (Holloway 2008). It would be most elicit to see which scheme this poem was found off of and how close the vowel sounds are related.It is quite put one across that the condition impression real closely about the linguis tic process and words used in the poem. The use of words with softer sounds as well as instant vowels make the poem loving to give tongue to as well as painting a comely feeling of love, using sounds and descriptions of enthusiastic emotions. It is a well-favoured keen poem. If it was write for a unique(predicate) person than I forecast that undivided was able to estimate this love as the poem in truth understandably explains the devotion of that love.This love can be romantic, for your family or friend. No theme what the love it is put across that it is very omnipotent as love everlastingly is. indites Holloway, J. B. , Aureo Annello association, The Elizabeth Barrett Browning Website, 1997-2008, http//www. florin. ms/ebbwebsite. html, accessed June 10, 2008 Wall, J. , Caldwell, R. , Gavilanes, T. , and Allen, S. , verbiage for Singers, A compact Reference for English, Italian, Latin, German, french and Spanish Pronunciation, PSt, 1990